According to TUIK data, the share of large-scale enterprises in total exports in 2021 was 41.6 percent. Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) announced the Foreign Trade Statistics by Entrepreneurship Characteristics for 2021. With the data obtained by using the foreign trade statistics and business records system, the information of approximately 100.0 percent of the enterprises engaged in export and import was obtained. Micro-scale enterprises with 1-9 employees, which make 19.7 percent of total exports, constituted 62.6 percent of total export enterprises. In exports, the share of small-scale enterprises with 10-49 employees was 19.2 percent, the share of medium-sized enterprises with 50-249 employees was 19.4 percent, and the share of large-scale enterprises with 250 or more employees was 41.6 percent. 10.6 percent of total imports were made by micro-scale enterprises with 1-9 employees. In imports, the share of small-scale enterprises with 10-49 employees was 11 percent, and the share of medium-sized enterprises with 50-249 employees was 16.9 percent. While the share of large-scale enterprises with 250+ employees in imports is 61.4 percent; these enterprises constituted 3.1 percent of the total importing enterprises.
According to the main activity of the enterprise, 55.5% of exports and 54.8% of imports were made by enterprises operating in the industrial sector. The share of enterprises whose main activity is trade was 40.9 percent in exports and 32.0 percent in imports. In the exports of the industrial sector, large-scale enterprises with 250+ employees came to the fore with a share of 67.2 percent. In the exports of the trade sector, the dominance of small and medium-sized enterprises with a share of 92.0 percent and employing 1-249 people continued. Large-scale enterprises came to the forefront with a share of 79.4 percent in industrial sector imports. In the trade sector, the share of large-scale enterprises increased from 24.9 percent to 30.1 percent, while in the other sector, large-scale enterprises continued to be ahead with a share of 63.0 percent. Enterprises, whose main activity is industry, made 47.1 percent of their exports to EU 27 countries, 13.2% to non-EU European countries and 12.4 percent to Near and Middle East countries. 63.3 percent of exports to EU 27 countries were made by industry, 34.7 percent by trade and 2.0 percent by enterprises in other sectors.
Enterprises, whose main activity is industry, made 33.4 percent of their imports from EU 27 countries, 24.0 percent from other Asian countries and 16.4 percent from non-EU European countries. The country groups that the enterprises whose main activity is trade import the most were the EU 27 countries with a share of 34.3 percent, Other Asia with 31.4 percent and non-EU European countries with 13.8 percent, respectively. 56.8 percent of the exports of manufacturing industry products were made by enterprises whose main activity was industry, and 39.9 percent of them were enterprises whose main activity was trade. Manufacturing industry products accounted for 96.2 percent of the exports made by enterprises whose main activity is industry, and agriculture, forestry and fishery products constituted 1.7 percent. 52.2 percent of the imports of manufacturing industry products were made by industry, 38.8 percent by trade and 9.0 percent by enterprises in other sectors. Manufacturing industry products accounted for 72.2 percent, mining products for 4.3 percent, and agriculture, forestry and fishery products for 4.2 percent of the imports of enterprises whose main activity is industry.
52.2 percent of the imports of manufacturing industry products were made by industry, 38.8 percent by trade and 9.0 percent by enterprises in other sectors. Manufacturing industry products accounted for 72.2 percent, mining products for 4.3 percent, and agriculture, forestry and fishery products for 4.2 percent of the imports of enterprises whose main activity is industry. The first 500 enterprises accounted for 60.7 percent of exports and 76.0 percent of imports. The first 5 enterprises with the most exports realized 12.5 percent of the total exports, and the first 5 enterprises with the most imports realized 20.7 percent of the imports. The share of the top 5 enterprises with the highest export in the industrial sector was 13.5 percent, and the share of the first 5 enterprises with the highest export in the trade sector in the trade sector was 11.2 percent. The share of the top 5 enterprises that import the most in the industry sector was 17.9 percent, and in the trade sector it was 10.5 percent.
While 43.5 percent of the enterprises exported to a single country, 16.6 percent of them exported to two countries. While the rate of enterprises exporting to twenty or more countries was 4.8 percent, the share of these enterprises in exports was 58.9 percent. While 57.7 percent of the enterprises imported from one country, 14.3 percent of them imported from two countries. While the rate of enterprises importing from twenty or more countries was 2.1 percent, the share of these enterprises in imports was 54.6 percent.
